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| Title |
Intervention models in early care: Perspectives of professionals and families. |
| Author |
Sara Bagur Pons |
| Doctoral Program | Doctorate in Education |
| Directors |
Dr. Sebastià Verger Gelabert. Department of Applied Pedagogy and Educational Psychology Dr. Maria Rosa Rosselló Ramon. Department of Applied Pedagogy and Educational Psychology Dr. Berta Paz Lourido. Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy |
| Date of defense | October 3, 2022 |
| Abstract |
Early Care (AP) is the discipline that offers support and intervention to children aged 0 to 6 with disabilities or developmental disorders, to families and the environment. The Child Development and Early Care Services (SDIAP), made up of multidisciplinary teams (interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary) of professionals, operate following Family Centered Practices (PCF), understanding that the members of the family unit are active agents of the intervention . The initial phase of reception at the SDIAT is where the most important links between professional and family are articulated that last throughout the entire intervention. At this point, an initial assessment of the parents' needs is carried out to establish the intervention objectives. At the very least, little research studies family variables during the foster care phase, although the theoretical literature identifies the negative impact of the child's disability on family well-being, often linked to the stages of grief. In this sense, and following family ecological theories, the present research aims to analyze family variables (parenting skills, family empowerment, general health, anxiety and depression) during the reception phase in SDIAPs, as well as the impact they exert said variables in child development. Under a non-experimental design of Integrative Mixed Methodology (MMI), the population of this study are SDIAP professionals and SDIAP user families. Finally, the sample consisted of 135 family members for the quantitative part and 30 family members and 5 professionals for the qualitative part. Five previously validated questionnaires, a socio-demographic questionnaire, semi-structured interviews and discussion groups were used as data collection instruments and techniques. The results are presented following the mode of compendium of articles. It is evidenced, on the one hand, the current challenges of the PA at the international and national level according to a review of the literature and, on the other hand, the need and the justification to investigate the PA under an MMI following the results of a literature review. In this context, the results show the importance of evaluating family variables and perspectives during the initial stage to articulate effective interventions, considering that parental skills predict 86% of family empowerment. In addition, parent-child communication, parents' emotional self-regulation, self-esteem in the role of parents or agreements with children are positively and significantly related to family empowerment. Also, the mental health of the parents is affected by the impact of the child's disability, denoting greater levels of affect in the values of anxiety than depression. In accordance with the transactional theory of development, the results indicate that the physical and mental health of parents has a direct and significant impact on the levels of alteration in the developmental subscales of their children. In effect, the participants exhibit states of denial, despair, need for information or desire to obtain answers to initial doubts, accompanied by feelings of fear, guilt or uncertainty during the initial stage of assimilation of the disability or alteration in the your child's development. In addition, there is a need to make the AP socially and politically visible, with the contribution of the administrations to the improvement of the network of formal supports linked to the AP that welcomes all the people who require the services. Also, carrying out an initial and comprehensive assessment of the family members' condition by the SDIAP team of professionals would help to configure the intervention objectives collectively based on their real needs, which impact on the development of the child |